): Flora of North America North of Mexico, Vol. North American (including Iceland and Greenland) distribution data from USGS (1999). The junipers include roughly 60 different species of trees and shrubs in the Juniperus genus, within the cypress (Cupressaceae) family of plants.Although come junipers use the work cedar in their common names, these plants are not members of the Cedrus genus. This area was cleared some decades earlier and this plant likely established from a bird-dispersed seed [C.J. A tree, about 5 m tall, at Burnham Beeches. Use of fungicides to protect Juniperus species is not effective and has yielded disappointing results. Although it attains the stature of a small tree elsewhere in the world, it usually takes the form of a low-spreading shrub in New England. At the species level, Common Juniper, Juniperus communis L., is uncontroversial (Stace 1997). 2n = 22" (Adams 1993). Miniature Common Juniper Juniperus communis ‘Miniature’ is more adaptable, durable, and dense than the popular J.c. ‘Compressa’. According to the old tradition, on Easter Monday Kashubian (Northern Poland) boys chase girls whipping their legs gently with juniper twigs. There are 12 species within the genus Juniperus which grow well in the United States, including the privacy screen or hedge … jackii had the most distinct oil and contained moderate amounts of α-pinene (16.1–18.9%), δ-3-carene (17.9–28.4%) and β-phellandrene (9.2–13.4%) along with several diterpenes including isoabienol. Juniper wood, especially burl wood, is frequently used to make knife handles for French pocketknives such as the Laguiole. saxatilis Pallas,[4] though the name Juniperus communis var. [19] In Finland, juniper is used as a key ingredient in making sahti, a traditional Finnish ale. Juniperus – needle-leaf junipers; the adult leaves are needle-like, in whorls of three, and jointed at the base Juniperus sect. & … Common juniper, Siberian juniper, dwarf juniper; genévrier commun [French], enebro común [Spanish]; gaagaagiwaandag [Ojibwe]. Quite prickly to the touch, the foliage of tightly packed, blue-green needles takes on copper-bronze shades in winter. [25], As the cones need more than a year to become ripe, both ripe and unripe cones can be seen together, as on this tree on Saaremaa, Estonia, Juniperus communis subsp. Seed cones maturing in 2 years, of 2 distinct sizes, with straight peduncles, globose to ovoid, 6-13 mm, bluish black, glaucous, resinous to obscurely woody, with 2-3 seeds. communis L. (northern Europe), var. Earle, 2013.09.20]. [2]:55 It is dioecious, with male and female cones, which are wind pollinated, on separate plants. The tallest specimen currently living is likely a tree at Ryd, Skillingaryd, Sweden that was 17.20 m tall when measured in 2018 (Monumental Trees 2018; includes photos). The common juniper as described above is the typical subspecies (J. communis subsp. Low spreading shrub or tree. Cones and foliage on the specimen shown above [Jose Angel Campos Sandoval, 2006.06]. Juniper Trees are diverse, with between 50 and 70 subspecies. Can tolerate hot sunny sites. A 2016 measurement of a tree at Albero del Poeta, Italy, found a girth of 2.6 m (Monumental Trees 2017), and this is the largest current reliable record. Common juniper, Siberian juniper, dwarf juniper; genévrier commun [French], enebro común [Spanish]; gaagaagiwaandag [Ojibwe]. Since juniper berries have a strong taste, they should be used sparingly. Juniperus is primarily Eurasian, with one species (J. communis) holarctic, the only member of the section in N. America and by far the most widespread single conifer species. Various decorative items (often eating utensils) are common in most Estonian handicraft shops and households. But it is a very variable species, and numerous forms have been described. Resistant varieties of juniper are also available including Juniperus chinesis var. anthropological background of the brewing industry, Odd Nordland, Universitetsforlaget, 1969. Oxford University Press. Size varies by cultivar, typically 5 to 10 feet high and 8 to 12 feet wide with ascending branches. Oil distilled from the fleshy cones is used in flavorings (e.g., gin). Monumental Trees. Brewing and beer traditions in Norway: The social jemail("earlecj", "gmail", "com"); hemispherica (J. [3][4][5], As to be expected from the wide range, J. communis is very variable, with several infraspecific taxa; delimitation between the taxa is still uncertain, with genetic data not matching morphological data well. Post-Pleistocene geographic variation in Juniperus communis in North America. There are about 60 to 70 varieties of juniper, most of them native to the wilder parts of Asia, Europe, and North America. Salomonson (1999) reported that the largest tree "is found at Råå in the province of Närke. Another tree, locally known as "Kungen" (the King), was 18 m tall, and grew at Röshult in Värnamo, Sweden. Phone : 0251-8650 351 | WA : 0899-446-8282 | IG : @poltekakabogor | twitter : @akabogor | E-mail Office : akainfo@aka.ac.id | Pengaduan : pengaduan@aka.ac.id 2. For more … Farjon (1998) recognized var. http://ents-bbs.org/viewtopic.php?f=395&t=8067, accessed 2017.07.28. Juniperus. The high ecological amplitude is typical of this species (Adams, 1998), it is frequent in dry pinewoods, on river valleys, and also occurs on wet soils. [no date]. Popular species of juniper that are used for landscaping purposes are: Juniperus virginiana, Juniperus horizontalis, Juniperus communis, and Juniperus chinensis. In Estonia juniper wood is valued for its long lasting and pleasant aroma, very decorative natural structure of wood (growth rings) as well as good physical properties of wood due to slow growth rate of juniper and resulting dense and strong wood. The common juniper (Juniperus communis) is the most widely known edible Juniper species. The oil of Juniperus communis var. This series of volumes, privately printed, provides some of the most engaging descriptions of conifers ever published. Juniperus communis 'Repanda' (Juniper 'Repanda') will reach a height of 0.5m and a spread of 2.5m after 10-20 years. A large plant growing with Abies concolor near Navajo Lake, Utah [C.J. Suggested uses. Among other places, it is native to Croatia; Sweden; and the United States. Foliage and mature seed cones on a plant at Burnham Beeches, west of London, UK [C.J. Juniperus Juniperus. depressa Pursh (North America), var. 2017. It has a girth of 2,8 m. at breast-height." Slow growing, this columnar Juniper makes a wonderful specimen plant and is an excellent addition to the mixed border. Due to the age and lack of detail in that record, it must be treated as doubtful at this time. Juniperus communis is very variable in form, ranging from 10 m (33 ft)—rarely 16 m (52 ft)—tall to a low, often prostrate spreading shrub in exposed locations. Also the Slovak alcoholic beverage Borovička and Dutch Jenever are flavoured with juniper berry or its extract. These evergreens can reach as high as 130 feet tall, though some varieties offer low ground-cover instead. Earle, 2017.09.18]. Forest Sweden: The Swedish Forests. Jakobsson, Fredrik. They are generally used to enhance meat with a strong flavour, such as game, including game birds, or tongue. 36 (1962), pp. Farjon did not recognize var. In Eurasia it is mostly an upright tree, though one variety, J. communis var. sargentii, J. communis cv. Earle, 2014.09.28]. 101-120, and his classification is followed in the present revision. Juniper shrubs are evergreen and are usually low spreading bush type plants. Gotlandsdricka: Traditionell kultur som regional identitetssymbol, Anders Salomonsson, Skrifter utg. alpina at the lower rank of variety, in which case the correct name is Juniperus communis var. Regeneration is often asexual, by means of runners [C.J. Common juniperus (Juniperus communis) The Common juniper (Juniperus communis) is rarely offered as a bonsai although it is excellent as a bonsai. There are also many garden varieties, of which only a few can be mentioned. It was blown over in a 2005 storm (Jakobsson 2017). The use of juniper in farmhouse brewing has been common in much of northern Europe, seemingly for a very long time. “hemispherica” from the Sierra Nevada, Spain, were very distinct from other J. c. var. charlottensis R.P. The currently accepted scientific name of common juniper is Juniperus communis L. (Cupressaceae) [45,47,54,67,132,135,136,]. 1999. Salomonson, Ann. Juniperus communis bonsai have only needles (no scales), are extremely hardy, become very old and need little maintenance. This evergreen conifer has the largest geographical range of any woody plant, with a circumpolar distribution throughout the cool temperate Northern Hemisphere from the Arctic south in mountains to around 30°N latitude in North America, Europe and Asia. The varieties are as follows: "Juniperus communis is the most widespread juniper species, and many subspecies and varieties have been described. Earle, 2010.06.26]. The male cones are yellow, 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) long, and fall soon after shedding their pollen in March–April. Its astringent blue-black seed cones, commonly known as "juniper berries", are too bitter to eat raw and are usually sold dried and used to flavour meats, sauces, and stuffings. Earle, 2010.06.16]. Juniperus communis 'Echiniformis' NC State University and N.C. A&T State University work in tandem, along with federal, state and local governments, to form a strategic partnership called N.C. Architectural, Gravel, Ground Cover, Low Maintenance. // End -->, http://ents-bbs.org/viewtopic.php?f=395&t=8067, https://www.monumentaltrees.com/en/ita/sardinia/carbonia/14586_spiaggiadipistispistisbeach/, https://www.monumentaltrees.com/en/swe/jonkoping/vaggeryd/19781_ryd/. Monumental Trees. https://www.monumentaltrees.com/en/swe/jonkoping/vaggeryd/19781_ryd/, accessed 2018.09.03. It responds well to shearing to achieve a dense, more narrow form and it will attain best color in full […] Juniper Trees are native to several regions throughout the world, including North America, Africa, Central America, and Asia. It is too small to have any general lumber usage. Juniperus subsect. Sect. With a range that big, it is very variable and seven distinctive varieties are recognized. Juniperus communis 'Pencil Point' Other names. Cooperative Extension, which staffs local offices in all 100 counties and with the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. Aureospica and J. virginiana cv. Juniperus communis, the common juniper, is a species of small tree or shrub in the genus Juniperus, in the family Cupressaceae. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10], Some botanists treat subsp. Native Americans also used juniper berries as a female contraceptive. [no date]. 2018. communis on Lüneburg Heath, Germany, species of conifer in the cypress family Cupressaceae. Juniperus communis is the only Juniperus species that occurs in both hemispheres (). In Scandinavia, however, juniper wood is used for making containers for storing small quantities of dairy products such as butter and cheese, and also for making wooden butter knives. This evergreen conifer has the largest geographical range of any woody plant, with a circumpolar distribution throughout the cool temperate Northern Hemisphere from the Arctic south in mountains to around 30°N latitude in North America, Europe and Asia. av Etnologiska sallskapet i Lund, 1979. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (eds. The two volumes of this extensive and lavishly illustrated 1,500-page work feature about 8,000 cultivars, over 5,000 photographs and all of the world’s 615 conifer species, plus their subspecies and varieties. This species is a popular subject for horticulture; this is a dwarf blue cultivar [C.J. This is to bring good fortune in love to the chased girls. Juniper is used in the traditional farmhouse ales of Norway,[20] Sweden,[21] Finland,[22] Estonia, and Latvia. [11], Juniperus communis is one of Ireland's longest established plants. Juniper is a short to medium-height evergreen shrub, belonging to the genus Juniperus. Juniperus – cones with 3 separate seeds; needles with one stomatal band Juniperus communis – common juniper Juniperus communis subsp. (Europe, Siberia, Central Asia, Far East, Greenland, Iceland, and far western North America). Points plotted as tree icons represent isolated or approximate locations. Transplanting: If you live where they grow, just transplant a small one - make sure you identify it before you move it. Spherical, waxy, females take two to three years to ripen from green to blue-black. Abstract. It has needle-like leaves in whorls of three; the leaves are green, with a single white stomatal band on the inner surface. Edited by Christopher J. Earle Common juniper in Ryd in Skillingaryd, Jönköping, Sweden. Scientifically known as Juniperus communis, junipers have a wide range of excellent uses and benefits. The common juniper, Juniperus communis, is the most widespread woody plant in the world, growing across Eurasia as well as North America. Farjon (2005) provides a detailed account, with illustrations and details on the varieties. The tale of the tallest common juniper. Uses of some common Scottish plants. A specimen in Sierra Nevada National Park, Spain, elev. The fruit are berry-like cones, initially green, ripening in 18 months to purple-black with a blue waxy coating; they are spherical, 4–12 mm (0.16–0.47 in) diameter, and usually have three (occasionally six) fleshy fused scales, each scale with a single seed. This is the most widespread conifer in the world, native to temperate Eurasia, and North America N of Mexico, occupying an extraordinary range of habitats (Farjon 2005). saxatilis Pall. The following cultivars gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit in 1993:[14]. Earle, 2010.06.26]. [12], The juniper berry oil is composed largely of monoterpene hydrocarbons such as α-pinene, myrcene, sabinene, limonene and β-pinene. Gold Cone Common Juniper The bright yellow foliage of the upright Juniperus communis ‘Gold Cone’ illuminates the garden, especially in winter.